Abstract:
The handling of narcotics abuse in Indonesia continues to face challenges concerning legal uncertainty and disparities in sentencing due to the suboptimal implementation of integrated assessments as a basis for determining eligibility for rehabilitation. This study aims, first, to analyze the normative framework governing integrated assessment policies in Indonesia; second, to compare these policies with those implemented in Japan and the United States; and third, to formulate a justice-based assessment policy model. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were collected through library research and analyzed qualitatively using descriptive-prescriptive methods. The findings indicate that, first, the regulation of integrated assessments in Indonesia remains fragmented across various legal instruments and has not established integrated assessment as an explicit statutory obligation. Reliance on requests from investigators, limited-service availability, and a law enforcement culture oriented toward incarceration contribute to unequal access to rehabilitation. Second, comparisons with Japan and the United States highlight the importance of ensuring medical examinations, early identification, and continuous monitoring. Third, this study proposes regulating integrated assessment as both a procedural right of suspects and an obligation of law enforcement officials from the earliest stage of an investigation, with assessment results serving as a primary consideration in determining case disposition. This model should be supported by state funding, equitable access to rehabilitation services, objection mechanisms, and oversight to ensure legal certainty and proportional justice.
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